Fig 1: Driver gene PTHLH.a Focal amplifications in 85 ESCCs around gene PTHLH were shown. DNase (first line) and H3K27ac (second line) data from one sample E079 in RoadMap are shown. KYSE-180 H3K27ac (third line) and TADs (last line) boundary of GM12878 are also shown below. b Box plot displays the PTHLH expression in ESCCs grouped by super-enhancer amplification. n = 111 biologically independent samples. On the boxplots the horizontal line indicates the median, the box indicates the first to third quartile and whiskers indicate 1.5× the interquartile range. c Cell function experiments of PTHLH in ESCC cell line KYSE180. Upper left: Bar plot displays the knock-down efficiency of PTHLH. Upper right: Line plot displays the proliferation of cells after PTHLH knock-down by MTT assay and bar plot displays the number of colonies in cells. Lower left: Cell-migration monitored by wound healing assay and bar plot displays migration result. Lower right: The Transwell cell migration and invasion assay after PTHLH knock-down. Scale bars, 500 µm. All bar-plot are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. Three independent experiments were performed; each experiment was performed in triplicate. Statistical analysis is performed with one-way ANOVA. d The bar plot shows results of dual luciferase reporter assay. Luciferase-reporter assays measuring the activity of e1 to e8 in KYSE450 cells. The pGL4.10-E4TATA plasmid without the enhancer region was used as a control. Bar-plot are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. Three independent experiments were performed; each experiment was performed in triplicate. Statistical analysis is performed with one-way ANOVA. *P = 0.05, **P = 0.01. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.